Reserva Natural Otamendi
RESERVA NATURAL OTAMENDI
La riqueza de la vegetación de la Reservaes muy interesante y está distribuida en seis ambientes naturales distintos que merecen ser estudiados..
Por un lado, una franja de árboles y arbustos que se desarrolla a orillas de los ríos Paraná y Uruguay, desde el sur de Brasil hasta la provincia de Buenos Aires, conocida como selva ribereña. Está conformada por árboles de mediano porte que constituyen el llamado monte blanco y se la puede considerar como una versión empobrecida de los bosques chaqueños. A la sombra de estos árboles crecen arbustos entre los cuales se encuentran lianas y enredaderas, destacándose helechos, cactus y claveles del aire, todo lo cual confiere al lugar un aspecto selvático.
Otro ambiente diferenciable y próximo a la ribera del Paraná es el de los pajonales de espadaña (Zizaniopsis bonariensis), donde aparecen ceibos dispersos.
A continuación se extienden los totorales y juncales, donde las especies predominantes son el junco (Schoenoplectus californicus) y la totora (Typha latifolia), acompañadas por otras especies palustres como la paja brava (Scirpus giganteus). Cabe mencionar también que dentro de este ambiente se encuentran las plantas acuáticas que tapizan las lagunas, como el helechito de agua (Salvinia rotundifolia), la lenteja de agua (Lemna minima) y el camalote (Eichornia spp).
Hacia el oeste, los pastizales y espartillares ocupan una extensa llanura aluvial con suelos de distinto pH. En esta zona se desarrolla uno de los pastizales más extensos de la Reserva(aproximadamente 1000 ha) En los suelos de baja salinidad crece la cortadera (Cortaderia selloana) (1), en tanto en los suelos alcalinos predominan las gramíneas halófilas de escasa altura, la más abundante de las cuales es el pasto salado o pelo de chancho (Distichlis spicata).
En los suelos pantanosos y arcillosos formados sobre el lecho de inundación del río Luján se desarrolla el espartillar, donde, como su nombre lo indica, predomina el espartillo (Spartina densiflora), que en algunas zonas se presenta acompañado por la cortadera y el guaycurú (Limonium brasiliense). Una rareza digna de mencionar es el hunquillar, compuesto por manchones de matos esféricos de hunco (Juncus acutus).
Otro ambiente diferenciable es el compuesto por un pastizal característico de la llanura pampeana, donde aparecen distintas especies de árboles. Por ultimo, cabe mencionar el talar, típico de la barranca. El tala (Celtis tala) es un árbol de unos 8 m de altura que constituye el 70 % de la cobertura total de este ambiente Sus copas albergan numerosas plantas epífitas. Debido a que es el único talar bonaerense protegido por la Administración de Parques Nacionales, se encuentra en un aceptable estado de conservación. También se pueden encontrar especies como el ombú (Phytolacca dioica), el sauco (Sambucus australis) y el molle (Schinus longifolius).
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